Dr. Cannell comments on vitamin D lab tests

As always, Dr. John Cannell of The Vitamin D Council continues to teach us new lessons about vitamin D.

Apparently, Dr. Cannell is swamped with the attention that vitamin D is drawing, largely due to his efforts to publicize the enormous deficiency of Americans and his great talent for articulating the science. The most current newsletter, while a bit haphazard, makes some excellent new points that I reprint here.

(I did not reprint his conversation about "any form of vitamin D" being acceptable. My experience differs: In nearly 1000 patients who have taken vitamin D supplements, my experience is that most tablet forms are inconsistently absorbed, sometimes not absorbed at all. I therefore advocate only use of gelcaps or liquids. I'm told by members of Track Your Plaque, however, that they are witnessing reliable increases in blood levels of vitamin D by taking the powdered form of Bio Tech Pharmacal's product.)


Does it matter what reference lab my doctor uses?

Yes, it might make a huge difference. A number of methods exist to measure 25(OH)D in commercial labs. The two most common are mass spectrometry and a chemiluminescence method, LIAISON. The first, mass spectrometry, is highly accurate in the hands of experienced technicians given enough time to do the test properly. However, in the hands of a normally trained technician at a commercial reference lab overwhelmed with 25(OH)D tests, it may give falsely elevated readings, that is, it tells you are OK when in fact you are vitamin D deficient. The second method, chemiluminescence, LIAISON, was recently developed and is the most accurate of the screening, high throughput, methods; LabCorp uses it. Quest Diagnostics reference lab uses mass spec. Again, both Quest and LabCorp are overwhelmed by 25(OH)D requests. The problem is that the faster the technicians do the mass spec test, the more inaccurate it is likely to be. If your 25(OH)D blood test says "Quest Diagnostics" on the top, do not believe you have an adequate level (> 50 ng/ml). You may or may not; the test may be falsely elevated. Let me give you an example. A doctor at my hospital had Quest Diagnostics do a 25(OH)D. It came back as 99 ng/ml of ergocalciferol. He is not taking ergocalciferol (D2), he has never taken ergocalciferol, only cholecalciferol, and he is not taking enough to get a level of 99 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml at the most. His email to Dr. Brett Holmquist at Quest about why Quest identified a substance he was not taking went unanswered other than to say "any friend of Dr. Cannell's is a friend of ours."

Long story short: if your lab report says "LabCorp" on the top, it is probably accurate; if it says Quest Diagnostic, it may be falsely elevated. While LabCorp has also been overwhelmed with 25(OH)D requests, the LIAISON method they use is relatively easy to do and does not rely on technician skill as much as the mass spec methods do. I'm not saying this because I'm a consultant for DiaSorin, who makes LIAISON, I'm saying it because it is true. If you don't believe me, get Quest to make me an offer to be their consultant at 10 times what DiaSorin is supposed to be paying me ($10,000 per year) and see how fast I turn Quest down. If Quest fixes their test, I'd love to consult. The ironic thing: I've made both Quest and LabCorp lots of money via this newsletter, the website, and by repeatedly telling the press that people need to know their 25(OH)D level, which has contributed to the skyrocketing sales of 25(OH)D blood tests.

Demand for vitamin D tests soars as nutrient's potential benefits touted.

Here you can help. Find out which labs in your town use Quest Diagnostics and which use LabCorp. Have a 25(OH)D test at both labs the same day (you will have to pay for them yourself). Then send both results to the Vitamin D Council address below. If Quest Diagnostics does not fix their 25(OH)D test, the Vitamin D Council will fix it for them.



My doctor prescribed Drisdol, 50,000 IU per week. What is it?

Drisdol is a prescription of 50,000 IU tablets of ergocalciferol or D2. Ergocalciferol is not vitamin D but it is similar. It is made by irradiating ergosterol, which is found in many living things, such as yeast. D2 is not normally found in humans and most studies show it does not raise 25(OH)D levels as well as human vitamin D (cholecalciferol or D3) does. However, Drisdol is a lot better than nothing. The best thing to do, if you are vitamin D deficient, and a human, is to take human vitamin D, cholecalciferol, A.K.A. vitamin D3.



What is the ideal level of 25(OH)D?

We don't know. However, thanks to Bruce Hollis, Robert Heaney, Neil Binkley, and others, we now know the minimal acceptable level. It is 50 ng/ml. In a recent study, Heaney et al enlarged on Bruce Hollis's seminal work by analyzing five studies in which both the parent compound, cholecalciferol, and 25(OH)D levels were measured. It turn out that the body does not reliably begin storing the parent compound (cholecalciferol) in fat and muscle tissue until 25(OH)D levels get above 50 ng/ml. The average person starts to store cholecalciferol at 40 ng/ml, but at 50 ng/ml, virtually everyone begins to store it for future use. That is, at levels below 50 ng/ml, the body is usually using up the vitamin D as fast as you make it or take it, indicating chronic substrate starvation, not a good thing.

Hollis BW, Wagner CL, Drezner MK, Binkley NC. Circulating vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in humans: An important tool to define adequate nutritional vitamin D status. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):631-4.

Heaney RP, Armas LA, Shary JR, Bell NH, Binkley N, Hollis BW. 25-Hydroxylation of vitamin D3: relation to circulating vitamin D3 under various input conditions. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1738-42.



I have advanced renal failure and I'm on dialysis, how much vitamin D should I take?

The same as everyone else. Since I have told you about commercial labs ripping you off, let's add some drug companies. Patients with advanced renal failure need activated vitamin D or one of it's analogs, available by prescription. This is very important as their kidneys cannot make enough 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (calcitriol) to maintain serum calcium. However, the rest of their tissues activate vitamin D just fine and when those tissues get enough, and when the kidneys get more vitamin D, the calcitriol spills out into the blood, lowering their need for prescription calcitriol or one of its analogs. The companies that make the analogs don't like that, it means reduced sales. So these companies do nothing, the scientists behind these companies say nothing, and renal failure patients die prematurely from one of the vitamin D deficiency diseases.

Vieth R. Vitamin D toxicity, policy, and science. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V64-8.



When I asked my doctor for a 25(OH)D blood test, he just laughed and said it was all idiotic. What can I do?

Help me unleash the dogs of war, the plaintiff attorneys. If you read about past nutritional epidemics caused by society, such as beriberi or pellagra, you will realize that education alone will take decades. Physicians successfully fought against the idea that thiamine deficiency caused beriberi for decades. However, things are different now. The agents of change in modern America, as obnoxious as they are, are plaintiff attorneys. Once the first malpractice lawsuits claiming undiagnosed and untreated vitamin D deficiency led to breast cancer, autism, heart disease, etc., get past summary judgment, and they will, and end up in front of a jury, and they will, things will change rapidly. One of the main reason physicians do what they do is fear of lawsuits. In a matter of months, arrogance and ignorance will give way to 25(OH)D tests and vitamin D supplementation.

Goodwin JS, Tangum MR. Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Nov 9;158(20):2187-91.


And, to help support Dr. Cannell's efforts (I sent him a check for $250 a few months back; time for more), here is his contact info:

John Cannell, MD
The Vitamin D Council

Send your tax-deductible contributions to:

The Vitamin D Council
9100 San Gregorio Road
Atascadero, CA 93422

Privileged information

In 1910, taking a person's blood pressure was considered revolutionary, a high-tech practice that was of uncertain benefit.

Dr. Harvey Cushing of Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore had observed a blood pressure device while traveling in Europe, developed by Dr. Sciopione Riva-Rocci. Cushing brought this new technology back with him to the U.S. and promptly promoted its use, convinced that this insight into gauging the forcefulness of blood pressure would yield useful clinical insights.

But, in 1910, practicing physicians rejected this new technology, preferring to use their well-established and widely practiced technique of pulse palpation (feeling the pulse), skeptical that the new tool added value. Medical practice of the day was rich with descriptions of the strength and character of the pulse: pulsus parvus et tardus (the slow rising pulse of aortic valve stenosis), the dicrotic notch of aortic valve closure transmitted to the pulse, the "water-hammer" pulse of aortic valve insufficiency.

Over the next 20 years, however, the medical community finally gave way to the new technique, although only physicians were allowed to use blood pressure devices, as nurses were regarded as incapable of mastering the skills required to perform the procedure properly.

Stethoscopes were also gaining in popularity in the early 20th century, but were also the exclusive province of physicians trained in their use. Nurses were not allowed to use stethoscopes until the 1960s. Even then, nurses were not allowed to call them "stethoscopes," but "nurse-o-scopes" or "assistoscopes," and the nurses' version of the device was manufactured to look different to avoid confusion with the "real" doctor's tool.

And just half a century ago, if you wanted to look at a medical textbook, you would have to go to the library and ask for special permission. The librarian would lower her glasses and look you up and down to determine whether or not you were some kind of pervert. Only then might you be granted permission to peer into the pictures of organs and naked bodies.

Such has been the spirit of medicine for centuries: Medicine and its practices are meant to be secret, the insider knowledge of a privileged few.

Fast forward to 2008: The Information Age has overturned the rules of privileged information. Now you have access to the same information as I do, the same information available to practicing physicians. The playing field has been levelled.

Curiously, while information access has advanced at an instantaneous digital pace, attitudes in medicine continue to evolve at the traditional analog crawl. Many of my colleagues continue to be dismayed at the new public access to health information, belittle patients for excessive curiosity about their health, lament the erosion of their healthcare-directing authority. And while new concepts race ahead as we race towards a wiki-like collective growth in healthcare knowledge, physicians are still mired by their reluctance to abdicate their once-lofty positions as chief holders of secrets.

I believe that this is part of the reason why family doctors and cardiologists have been slow to adopt technologies like heart scans and self-empowering programs like Track Your Plaque: processes that take heart disease prevention away from the hands of physicians and place more control into the hands of the people.

Imagine the horror felt by physicians in 1935 of a young upstart nurse boldly trying to use a stethoscope to take a patient's blood pressure. You can imagine the internal horror now being felt as you and I dare to take control over heart disease and deny them the chance to put in four stents, three bypass grafts, then direct our future health habits.

But technology has a way of marching on. It will encounter resistance, bumps, and blind-alleys, but it will go on.

Dr. Jeffrey Dach on the Track Your Plaque program

Dr. Jeffrey Dach posted a great piece on his blog, Bioidentical Hormone Blog , about his perspective on the Track Your Plaque program.

It's worth reading even for those familiar with the program, just to see a slightly different perspective. He also included many great graphics to illustrate his points.

CAT Coronary Calcium Scoring, Reversing Heart Disease












Also, see Dr. Dach's Heart Disease: Part 2, for some novel thoughts.

Vitamin D and programmed aging?

As we age, we lose the capacity to activate vitamin D in the skin.

Studies suggest that, between ages 20 and 70, there is a 75% reduction in the ability to activate vitamin D. The capacity of conversion from 25 (OH) vitamin D to 1,25 di(OH) vitamin D also diminishes.

Holick M. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease.



From Holick, M. 2006

This would explain why 70-year olds come to the office, just back from the Caribbean sporting dark brown tans, are still deficient, often severely, in blood levels of vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D). A tan does not equal vitamin D.














Courtesy Ipanemic


A practical way of looking at it is that anyone 40 years old or older has lost the majority of ability for vitamin D activation.

This often makes me wonder if the loss of vitamin D activating potential is nature's way to get rid of us. After all, after 40, we've pretty much had our opportunity to recreate and make our contribution to the species (at least in a primitive world in which humans evolved): we've exhausted our reproductive usefulness to the species.

Is the programmed decline of vitamin D skin activation a way to ensure that we develop diseases of senescence (aging)? The list of potential consequences of vitamin D deficiency includes: osteoporosis, poor balance and coordination, falls and fractures; cancer of the breast, bladder, colon, prostate, and blood; reductions in HDL, increases in triglycerides; increased inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP); declining memory and mentation; coronary heart disease.

Isn't that also pretty much a list that describes aging?

A fascinating argument in support of this idea came from study from St Thomas’ Hospital and the London School of Medicine:

Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women

Telomeres are the "tails" of DNA that were formerly thought to be mistakes, just coding for nonsense. But more recent thinking has proposed that telomeres may provide a counting mechanism that shortens with aging and accelerates with stress and illness. This study suggests that both vitamin D and inflammation (CRP) impact telomere length: the lower the vitamin D, the shorter the telomere length, particularly when inflammation is greater.
















Data supporting vitamin D's effects on preventing or treating cancer, osteoporosis, lipid abnormalities, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, etc., is developing rapidly.

Now the big question: If declining vitamin D is nature's way of ensuring our decline and death, does maintaining higher vitamin D also maintain youthfulness?

I don't have an answer, but it's a really intriguing idea.

Synthroid, Armour Thyroid, and the battle for T3

In the last Heart Scan Blog post on thyroid issues, Is normal TSH too high?, the provocative findings of the the HUNT Study were discussed. The text of the study can be found at:

The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT Study

Hypothyroidism, or low thyroid that is signaled by high thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH, is proving far more prevalent an issue than previously thought. While previous estimates put hypothyroidism as affecting only about 3% of younger populations, 10-20% of older populations (women more so), data like the HUNT Study suggest that, if lower and lower TSH levels (higher thyroid) are necessary for perfect heart health, then many more people stand to benefit than we used to think.

But another crucial issue in the world of hypothyroidism: Is T4 (thyroxine) enough? Or should we be supplementing T3 (triiodothyronine) along with T4?

Your friendly neighborhood primary care doctor or endocrinologist would likely argue vehemently that T4 (as Synthroid, Levoxyl, levothyroxine, and others) is adequate and not subject to the impurities and contaminants of natural thyroid extracts. They would also argue that T4 is effectively converted to T3 at the tissue level, and exogenous supplementation is unnecessary.

Others--most of all thyroid patients themselves, along with thyroid advocates like Mary Shomon and Janie Bowthorpe, along with some physicians--argue that supplementing T3 along with T4 can be very important. They argue that people feel better, have more physical energy, lose weight more effectively, and more completely resolve many of the phenomena of hypothryoidism with T3 added. There are also some data that argue the same.

Adding T3 to the mix may address the presumed poor conversion of T4 to T3 that is peculiar to some people. It may overcome the "reverse T3" phenomenon, the production of a useless look-alike T3 that occurs in some people. It may also (anecdotally) exert greater effects on some lipid/lipoprotein parameters, such as Lp(a).

My experiences adding T3 to T4 have been mixed: Some feel better, others do not. Some show objective improvements, others do not.

Nonetheless, hypothyroidism, or incompletely corrected hypothryoidism by way of inadequate T3, is an issue to consider in your plaque-control program.

More on this somewhat complex issue, along with practical solutions to consider, can be found on the Special Report to be released this week on the Track Your Plaque website.

Letter to New York Times

All right. I sent a Letter to the Editor to the New York Times. No word from them; it's no longer news.

So here is what I tried to convey.

While the authors overall did a credible job of talking to my colleagues and laying out the issues, they made the crucial and boneheaded mistake of confusing CT heart scans with CT coronary angiograms. Sadly, many people who may have been considering having a simple screening heart scan may be scared away by the confused authors, Alexn Berenson and Reed Abelson.

They do correctly point out that, while CT coronary angiograms are fascinating examples of technology and a way of visualizing coronary arteries, this test all too often is being subverted into the "let's make money from high-tech testing" medical model. It's also a test that frequently leads to the "real" test, heart catheterization, since the "time bomb" you have in your arteries might "need" a stent.

CT coronary angiograms are also virtually useless for purposes of tracking disease, since they are not longitudinally (along the length of the artery) quantitative, nor should anyone be exposed to this much radiation repeatedly.

A simple heart scan, on the hand, provides a longitudinal summation of coronary plaque volume. Radiation exposure is sufficiently low that repeated scanning can be performed for purposes of tracking . . .yes, track your plaque.

Poorly-informed reporters can do a lot of damage. As always, you and I must dig a little deeper for the truth.




Dear Editor,

Re: Weighing the Costs of a CT Scan’s Look Inside the Heart

The Times featured an article on June 29th that discussed rapidly expanding use of CT scans for the heart:
Weighing the Costs of a CT Scan’s Look Inside the Heart.

The authors, Alex Berenson and Reed Abelson, stated that CT heart scans “expose patients to large doses of radiation, equivalent to at least several hundred X-rays, creating a small but real cancer risk.”

I’d like to offer a clarification.

Though the authors discuss both CT heart scans and CT coronary angiograms, they confuse the two and use the terms interchangeably.

A heart scan is a simple screening test for coronary atherosclerotic plaque. It detects the presence of calcium in the heart’s arteries, provided as a “score.” (Because calcium occupies 20% of total plaque volume, knowing the amount of calcium tells you how much total coronary plaque is present by applying this simple proportion.) Just having a high score should not prompt heart procedures, since people undergoing simple screening heart scans are without symptoms. However, a stress test may yield some useful information.

On present-day CT devices, heart scans expose a patient to 0.4 mSv of radiation on an electron-beam, or EBT, device, and on up to 1.2 mSv on a 64-slice multi-detector, or MDCT, device, compared to 0.1 mSv during a standard chest x-ray. CT heart scans are therefore performed with about the same quantity of radiation as a mammogram done to screen women for breast cancer, or about the equivalent of four chest x-rays on an EBT scanner, up to 12 chest-xrays on a MDCT scanner.

CT coronary angiograms, while performed on the same devices as heart scans, require x-ray dye to fill the contours of the coronary arteries. It also requires up to several hundred times more radiation. While new engineering innovations are being introduced that promise to reduce this exposure, the current devices being used today do indeed require a radiation dose equivalent to 100 to 400 chest x-rays (usually in the range of 10-15 mSv), a value that equals or exceeds that obtained during a conventional heart catheterization.

While heart scans are most useful to detect and quantify plaque that can help determine the intensity of a heart disease prevention program, CT coronary angiograms are generally used as prelude to hospital procedures like catheterizations, stents and bypass surgery. That’s because they are performed to look for (or rule out) “severe” blockages.
CT heart scans and CT coronary angiography are therefore two different tests that yield two different kinds of information, and yield two entirely different levels of radiation exposure.

This confusion from a major and respected media outlet like the New York Times is unfortunate, because it could persuade millions of people who otherwise could benefit from simple heart scans to avoid them because of misleading information on radiation exposure of a different test.

Thank you.

William Davis, MD

Red yeast rice alert

While there have been some positive reports in the media lately about the cholesterol-reducing effects of red yeast rice, Consumer Lab has issued a very concerning report.

Because Consumer Lab is a subscription website (incidentally, the $20 per year membership fee is money well spent for insightful tests on many supplements, though new reports only come out a handful of times per year), I won't discuss the results of their red yeast rice in its entirety.

However, Consumer Lab testing uncovered several disturbing findings:

--The lovastatin content varied by a factor of 100, from 0.1 mg per tablet/capsule in one brand up to 10.6 mg in another brand. By FDA regulations, lovastatin is a drug and NO red yeast rice preparation is supposed to contain ANY lovastatin. Nonetheless, despite the marketing of supplement manufacturers, it is probably the lovastatin that is largely responsible for the LDL-reducing effect. The monacolins or mevinolins in red yeast rice add little, if any, further LDL-reducing effect.

--Several preparations contain a potential kidney toxin called citrinin. The Walgreen's product, specifically, contained substantial quantities of this toxin.



Interestingly, the FDA has taken repeated action against red yeast rice manufacturers and distributors because they continue to contain lovastatin. In the FDA's most recent action in August, 2007, for instance, Swanson's product and Sunburst Biorganics' Cholestrix, were both sent letters to stop selling their product because it contained lovastatin.

The Consumer Lab findings would explain the enormous variation in LDL-reducing effect of various red yeast rice products. In my experience, some work and reduce LDL 40 mg/dl or so, some fail to reduce LDL at all, others generate a modest effect, e.g., 5-10 mg/dl LDL reduction.

In effect, red yeast rice IS a statin drug, albeit a highly variable and weak one. Although readers of The Heart Scan Blog know that I am a big fan of nutritional supplements and self-empowerment in health, I am a bigger fan of truth. I despise B--- S---- of the sort that emits from some nutritional supplement manufacturers and drug companies.

I am puzzled by much of the public's readiness to embrace a statin drug if it comes from a supplement company while avoiding it if it comes from a drug manufacturer. Personally, I do not like the drug industry, their questionable (at best) ethics, their aggressive marketing tactics, their sleazy sales people.

But, in this instance, if a statin effect is desired, I'd reach for generic lovastatin before I purchased red yeast rice. The Consumer Lab report tells us that red yeast rice IS essentially a statin drug, an inconsistent one that often contains a potential toxin.

"Average amount of heart disease for age"

A 72-year old woman came to my office after a complicated hospital stay (unrelated to heart disease). She'd undergone a CT coronary angiogram and heart scan as part of a pre-operative evaluation prior to a surgery for a non-heart related condition.

The heart scan portion of the test (I was impressed they even did this) yielded a heart scan score of 212. The CT coronary angiogram portion of the test revealed a 50% blockage in one artery, a lesser blockage in one other artery.

The cardiologist consulting on the case advised her that the amount of coronary disease detected was insufficient to pose risk during her surgical procedure. He also advised her that she had "an average amount of disease for age." He thought that nothing further was necessary since she was "average."

Say what?  

What if I told you that you have an average amount of cancer for your age? After all, cancers become more common the older we get. Who would find that acceptable?

Then why should ANY amount of coronary atherosclerotic plaque be "acceptable for age"? Coronary plaque is a degenerative disease that poses risk for rupture. While it is indeed common, by no means should it be acceptable.

I would bet that this same cardiologist would be from the same school of thought that would be eager to advise heart catheterization, stent, and other procedures--revenue-generating procedures--should she have a heart attack appropriate for age.

I wish that I could tell you that this silly comment was provided by some peculiar, "everyone-knows-he's-crazy" doctor. But it was not. It was a solidly mainstream physician. He pooh-poohs nutrition, laughs when asked about nutritional supplements, thinks anyone complaining about symptoms less than a full-blown heart attack is a baby. He is respected by the primary care physicians, lectures on the advantages of prescription medications. In short, he is your typical conventional cardiologist.

This is the way they think. I know, because I was one of them. Thankfully, something banged me upside my head one day (my Mother's sudden cardiac death) and tipped me off to the painful irony of the conventional approach to heart disease.

There is NO amount of coronary disease appropriate for age. This notion is a remnant of the paternalistic, "I-know-better-than-you" attitude of the last century of medicine.

The 21st century promises a new age.

Quantum leaps

A reader of The Heart Scan Blog and member of the Track Your Plaque program posted this comment on The Heart.org:

*The facts speak for themselves.*

Dr. William Davis and Dr. William Blanchet, your patients thank you for the low cost PREVENTIVE care you prescribe. The published facts speak for themselves. It is indeed a sad state of affairs, that the larger cardiology community does not take the time to research the data and results you have been reporting. Unfortunately it is the patients who are the victims of the mainstream, inappropriate, treatment protocols, as evidenced with the ongoing high rate of CV death rate.

I am dumbfounded by the lack of open-minded inquisitive curiosity to thoroughly research your claims by many/most cardiologists. Understood, we are all busy, but that is no excuse to stick with practices that do not result in major breakthrough improvements in patient outcomes.

Then again, we are all humans, and when "we" are convinced that "our" approach is correct, "we" tend to conveniently ignore any evidence to the contrary. "We" like to believe "we" have been right all along.

A very insightful book, recently published, says it all in its title: "Mistakes were made (but not by me)."

From the intensity of the comments on this topic, it is clear that we are in the middle of a battlefield. It is to be hoped that the facts will become visible before too much smoke obscures the field, and before the patients are all dead.

George Orwell said it correctly, back in 1946:

“We are all capable of believing things which we know to be untrue, and then, when we are finally proved wrong, imprudently twisting the facts so as to show that we were right. Intellectually, it is possible to carry on this process for an indefinite time: the only check on it is that sooner or later a false belief bumps up against solid reality usually on a battlefield.”

And, after several posts that preventive care with EBT would be too costly.....

*Heroic*

Prevention is what matters, but it is not very heroic. A hospital that advertises the highest volumes in heart bypasses and other heart "repair" procedures, sounds to many like a go-to place when one gets into trouble with one's heart.

Cardiologists who perform impressive surgical procedures are heroes. Not unlike fire-fighters. We celebrate them (deservedly!) for rescues and life saving heroic actions.

We tend to not pay much attention to the folks that work hard to minimize risk of calamities in the first place.

Similarly, we recently learned that it is too costly to build schools that are earthquake resistant in China. Parents had to look at their children's bodies, crushed.

Is it too graphic to imagine 20,000 American bodies, who died of heart disease, piled up on a field?

What will it take before we make prevention our first priority?


AL, Ann Arbor, Michigan


The reader also tells me that, prompted by his father's death from heart attack while following conventional advice after heart catheterization, he has lost 50 lbs and corrected his lipid patterns on the Track Your Plaque program. The reader is currently struggling with full correction of his severe small LDL pattern and is following some of the advice we discussed on our webinar recently.

Another Heart Scan Blog reader, Stan the Heretic, posted this quote from scientist, Max Planck, in his comment:


"A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it." - M. Planck

(Max Planck was a German physicist who developed quantum theory, a disruptive set of ideas that supplanted other explanations of energy mechanics of the day.)


I fear that may prove to be the case for heart disease. The revenue-generating formula for heart disease management that dominates practice in cardiovascular medicine today is so deeply ingrained into the thinking and revenue expectations of practicing cardiologists that a preventive or reversal approach just won't cut it--even if it is vastly superior.

That's why it is important for you to take control yourself. You will be the one who obtains and applies the information that saves your life or the lives of those around you. It is, in all likelihood, NOT your doctor who will save your life, but YOU.

Body count

Imagine the following headline:

War in Iraq a growing success: 20,000 Americans now dead!


If a newspaper ran that headline, we would all be outraged, and rightly so. Deaths in war are a tragedy. They are not something we celebrate.

Then why do we hear hospitals boasting about the number of bypass operations performed every year, number of heart catheterizations performed, number of heart attacks treated?


"_______ Hospital breaks 1000-heart bypass per year milestone"

"We treat more heart attacks than other other hospital in the state!"

"More people come to ________ Hospital than any other in the region!"




I hear this stuff on the radio, on TV, see it in newspapers and magazines, even on highway billboards every single day in Milwaukee.

Heart procedures, like deaths in war, are casualties of health.

They are not successes (though, of course, you can have a "successful" bypass). I see most procedures as a failure of prevention.

Death from heart attack is a failure of prevention. Tim Russert's death was a (unnecessary) failure of prevention. But so are bypass surgery, stents, and the like.

Such is the perverse state of affairs in hospitals and health: They celebrate illness. They glamorize it with ads displaying high-tech equipment, efficient staff in scrubs, "caring and friendly staff." But it is illness they are celebrating. Why? Because it has become a business necessity, a necessary strategy to remain competitive and profitable in the business called "healthcare" that makes money from treating people. The biggest return is from major procedures like bypass operations.

Every success in prevention denies the hospital an $80,000+ opportunity. You'll never hear that advertised.

Wheat-free pumpkin bread

Try this recipe for a wheat-free, gluten-free yet healthy "bread." Unlike many gluten-free foods that send blood sugar skyward, this will not.

Ingredients:
2 cups ground almond meal (Buy it from Trader Joe's--70% cheaper than other grocery stores.)
1/2 cup ground flaxseed
1/2 cup sour cream (full-fat, of course)
15 oz canned pumpkin (Trader Joe's is bisphenol A-free)
2 medium to large eggs
1/2 cup chopped walnuts or pecans
4 tablespoons butter, melted
2 teaspoons baking powder
2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 teaspoon nutmeg or allspice
Dash of salt
Choice of non-nutritive sweetener (I used 3 teaspoons Trader Joe's stevia extract powder, the one mixed with lactose. Two tablespoons of Truvia, 1/2 teaspoon of the more concentrated stevia extract, or 1/2 cup Splenda are other choices. You can taste the mixed batter to gauge sweetness if in doubt.)

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Grease baking pan (e.g., 10 x 6 inch). The pan should be big enough so that the mix will not be more than 2 inches deep, else it will require much longer to bake. (If you have only smaller pans, you will need to cook longer while the pan is covered with aluminum foil.)

Mix all ingredients thoroughly in large bowl. Pour mix into greased baking pan.

Cover with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes. Remove foil and bake for additional 30 minutes or until inserted toothpick or knife comes out dry.

Serve with cream cheese or as is.

(I'd have some pictures, but the kids and I ate it up before I thought to take any photographs.)

Vitamin D: Deficiency vs optimum level

Dr. James Dowd of the Vitamin D Cure posted his insightful comments regarding the Institute of Medicine's inane evaluation of vitamin D.

Dr. Dowd hits a bullseye with this remark:

The IOM is focusing on deficiency when it should be focusing on optimal health values for vitamin D. The scientific community continues to argue about the lower limit of normal when we now have definitive pathologic data showing that an optimal vitamin D level is at or above 30 ng/mL. Moreover, if no credible toxicity has been reported for vitamin D levels below 200 ng/mL, why are we obsessing over whether our vitamin D level should be 20 ng/mL or 30 ng/mL?

Yes, indeed. Have no doubts: Vitamin D deficiency is among the greatest public health problems of our age; correction of vitamin D (using the human form of vitamin D, i.e., D3 or cholecalciferol, not the invertebrate or plant form, D2 or ergocalciferol) is among the most powerful health solutions.

I have seen everything from relief from winter "blues," to reversal of arthritis, to stopping the progression of aortic valve disease, to partial reversal of dementia by achieving 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of 50 ng/ml or greater. (I aim for 60-70 ng/ml.)

The IOM's definition of vitamin D adequacy rests on what level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D reverses hyperparathyroidism (high PTH levels) and rickets. Surely there is more to health than that.

Dr. Dowd and vocal vitamin D advocate, Dr. John Cannell, continue to champion the vitamin D cause that, like many health issues, conradicts the "wisdom" of official organizations like the IOM.

Large LDL counts, too

Chad is a 43-year old father of five kids.

Earlier this year, he developed chest pain that got worse and worse. He ended up with a total of five stents in all three coronary arteries. After a devastating experience with Lipitor that resulted from a ruptured tendon, he came to me for an option.

Chad's lipoproteins:

Slow Burn works

I have been impressed with the results I've been obtaining with Fred Hahn's Slow Burn strength training technique.

Because I have limited time to hang around the gym, any technique that provides outsized results in a limited amount of time, I have to admit, appeals to me. In past, I'd be lucky to squeeze in one or two strength training sessions per week, devoting the rest of the time to biking outdoors, biking on a sedentary bike (while playing XBox), jogging, or doing strenuous yard work like digging trenches and planting shrubs.

Over the years, I've gradually lost muscle, since the strength training effort suffered with my time limitations.

So Fred's time-efficient Slow Burn idea struck a chord. Having now done it with some regularity, usually 1-2 times per week since mid-September, I have gradually added back visible muscle. My Slow Burn workouts, involving 8-10 different movements, seem to have restored the muscle I've lost, with a very modest time effort.

It took a little getting used to. After Fred showed me how to do the movements--slow motion movement in both the "positive" and "negative" directions, with smooth, non-jerking transitions, one set per muscle group, each taken to muscle exhaustion--it left me unusually tired and sore the next day. This surprised me, given the limited time involved. Breathing is also very important; the usual exhale-during-the-positive, inhale-during-the-negative pattern is replaced by breathing freely during the entire set. I didn't get this at first and ended up with headaches that got worse with each set. Breathing freely relieved me from the effect.

I have strength trained since I was around 15 years old. Back in the early 1970s, I had about 2000 lbs of barbells and dumbbells in my garage in New Jersey, while also driving back and forth to the Morristown, NJ, YMCA to train with friends. The Slow Burn movements forced me to break habits established over nearly 40 years of conventional strength training.

I've also played around with mixing conventional movements with Slow Burn movements to keep it fresh. This also seems to work.

If you're interested in giving it a try, here's an animation that demonstrates what Slow Burn movements look like. Fred has also produced an excellent 3-DVD set of videos that more fully describe the practice.

Do your part to save on healthcare costs

While many of the factors that drive the relentless increase in health care costs are beyond individual control, you are still able to exert personal influence over costs. Just as in political elections, your one vote alone may not count; it's the collective effort of many people who share similar opinions that results in real change.

I just got the new monthly premium for my high-deductible health insurance: Up $300 per month, putting my family's total premium over $2000 per month---for four healthy people. (My son fractured his wrist playing high school hockey earlier this year; that may explain at least some of the increase.)

I'm going to shop around for a better deal. However, shopping is likely to only stall the process. It will not address the systemic problems with healthcare that continue to drive premiums up and up and up.

So what can you do to help keep costs down? Here are a few thoughts:

Never accept a prescription for fish oil, i.e., Lovaza. Just buy far less costly over-the-counter fish oil. I treat complex hyperlipidemias, including familial hypertriglyceridemia, ever day. I NEVER use prescription fish oil. A typical 4 capsule per day Lovaza prescription adds around $280 to $520 per month to overall health costs (though your direct out-of-pocket costs may be less, since you shove the costs onto others in your plan).

Never accept a prescription for vitamin D. Prescription vitamin D is the mushroom or invertebrate form anyway. Just buy the human (cholecalciferol, D3) form from your health food store or "big box" store. They yield consistent increases in 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, superior to the prescription form. And they're wonderfully inexpensive.

Eliminate wheat from your diet. If there is a dietary strategy that yields unexpected and outsized benefits across a wide spectrum of health, it's elimination of this thing we're sold called "wheat," you know, the genetically-transformed, high-yield dwarf mutant that now represents 99% of all wheat sold. Blood sugar drops, pre-diabetics become non-prediabetics, diabetics reduce need for medication or become non-diabetic, cholesterol values plummet, arthritis improves, acid reflux and irritable bowel symptoms improve or disappear, just to mention a few. Wheat elimination alone, I believe, would result in incalculable savings in both healthcare costs and lives saved.

Be sure to obtain iodine. In the fuss to cut salt use, everyone forgot about iodine. Lack of iodine leads to thyroid disease, usually hypothyroidism, that, in turn, causes cholesterol values to increase, weight to increase, and heart disease risk to double, triple, or quadruple. Iodine supplementation is easy and wonderfully inexpensive.

Over time, I hope that all of us can help develop the effort to self-direct more and more of our own health. Our Track Your Plaque program has shown me that, not only can people take the initiative to direct aspects of their own health, they can do it better than 99% of doctors.  

I'm sure there are many, many other ways to help reduce costs. Any suggestions?

Fish oil: What's the difference?

Ultra-purified, pharmaceutical grade, molecularly distilled. Over-the-counter vs. prescription. Gelcap, liquid, emulsion.

There's a mind-boggling variety of choices in fish oil today. A visit to any health food store, or any "big box" store for that matter, will yield at least several, if not dozens, of choices, all with varying and often extravagant claims of purity and potency.

So what's the real story?

Given the analyses conducted over the years, along with my experience with dozens of different preparations, I believe that several conclusions can be reached about fish oil:

Fish oil is free of contamination with mercury, dioxin, PCBs, or furans. To my knowledge, only one fish oil preparation has been found to have a slight excess of PCBs. (This is different from cod liver oil that has been found by one source to have a slight excess of PCBs.)

Oxidative breakdown products differ among the various brands. Consumer Lab (http://www.consumerlab.org/), for instance, has found that several widely available brands of fish oil contained excessive oxidative breakdown products (TOTOX). You can perform you own simple test of oxidative breakdown products: Sniff it. Your fish oil should pass the "sniff test." High quality fish oil should smell non-fishy to lightly fishy. Rancid fish oil with excessive quantities of oxidative breakdown products will smell nasty fishy.

FDA approval does not necessarily mean greater potency, purity, or effectiveness. It just means that somebody assembled the hundreds of millions of dollars to obtain FDA approval, followed by lots of marketing savvy to squash the competition.

This means that there are a number of excellent fish oil products available. My favorites are the liquid fish oils from Pharmax, Nordic Naturals, and Barleans. Capsules from Carlson, PharmaNutrients, and Fisol have also performed consistently. The "big box" capsules from Sam's Club and Costco have also performed well and are wonderfully affordable.

Wheat-free pie crust

I've been working on wheat-free yet healthy recipes these past two months.

You can buy wheat-free, gluten-free foods at the store, of course. But the majority of these products are unhealthy because cornstarch, rice starch, potato starch, or tapioca starch are commonly used in place of wheat. Recall that these are among the few foods that increase blood glucose higher than even wheat.

Here's a simple recipe for wheat-free pie crust that works best for cheesecake, pumpkin pie, and cream pies, but not for berry or other fruit pies like apple.

You will need:
?
1½ cups ground pecans
6 tablespoons melted butter?or melted coconut oil
1 teaspoon vanilla extract?
2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 medium egg
2 tablespoons Truvia™ or ½ teaspoon stevia extract or ½ cup Splenda®

Mix all ingredients thoroughly in bowl. Pour mixture into pie pan and press onto bottom and sides.

Fill pie crust with desired filling. You can fill it with your favorite cheesecake recipe (e.g., Neufchatel or cream cheese, sour cream, eggs, vanilla, and stevia; add pumpkin for pumpkin cheesecake) and bake, usually at 350 degrees F for one hour. 

Yes, the butter provokes insulin and artificial sweeteners can trigger appetite. But, for the holidays, a slice or two of pie made with this crust will not increase blood sugar nor trigger the uncontrolled impulse eating that wheat crust will trigger.

Have a cookie

Here's a great insight dating all the way back to 1966 from one of the early explorations in lipoproteins from the National Institutes of Health lab of Levy, Lees, and Fredrickson:

The nature of pre-beta (very low density) lipoproteins

The subject is a 19 year old female (among the total of 11 in the this small, diet-controlled study) who was first fed a low-carbohydrate (50 grams per day), low-cholesterol diet; followed by a high-carbohydrate (500 grams per day), low-fat (5 grams per day) diet.






To B or not to B

Apoprotein B (apo B) is the principle protein that resides in LDL particles along with other proteins, phospholipids, triglycerides, and, of course, cholesterol.

There's a curious thing about apo B. Just like one child per family in China or one television per household in 1950s America, there is only one apo B for every LDL particle.

So measuring apo B, in effect, provides a virtual count of LDL particles. (Actually, VLDL particles, the first lipoprotein to emerge from the liver, also have one apo B per particle but LDL particles far outnumber VLDL particles.) While apo B structure can show limited structural variation from individual to individual, the effect on measured apo B is negligible.

One apo B per LDL particle . . . no more, no less. What about the other components of LDL particles?

The other components of LDL particles are a different story. Cholesterol and triglycerides in LDL particles vary substantially. Diet has profound effects on cholesterol and triglyceride content of LDL particles. A diet rich in carbohydrates, for instance, increases triglycerides in LDL particles while reducing cholesterol. This means that measuring cholesterol in the LDL fraction will be misleading, since cholesterol will be falsely low. LDL cholesterol is therefore a flawed means to assess the behavior and composition of LDL particles. In particular, when LDL particles become enriched in triglycerides, they go through a process that transforms them into small LDL particles, the variety most likely to cause atherosclerosis.

In other words, when the worst situation of all--an abnormal abundance of small LDL particles develops--it is usually not signalled by high LDL cholesterol.

Because apo B is not sensitive to the composition of LDL particles--high cholesterol, low cholesterol, high triglycerides, etc.--it is a superior method to characterize LDL particles. While apo B doesn't tell you whether LDL particles are big, small, or in between, it provides a count of particles that is far more helpful than measuring this deeply flawed thing called "LDL cholesterol."

(Even better: Count LDL particles and measure LDL size, since size gives us insight into sensitivity to oxidation, glycation, adhesiveness, ability to trigger inflammatory pathways via monocyte chemoattractant protein, various interleukins, tunor necrosis factor and others. This is why cholesterol panels should go the way of tie dye shirts and 8-track tapes: They are hopelessly, miserably, and irretrievably inaccurate. Cholesterol panels should be replaced by either apoprotein B or lipoprotein measures.)
The formula for aortic valve disease?

The formula for aortic valve disease?

I've discussed this question before:

Can aortic valve stenosis be stopped or reversed using a regimen of nutritional supplements?

I had a striking experience this past week. Don has coronary plaque and began the Track Your Plaque program. However, discovery of a murmur led to an echocardiogram that measured his effective aortic valve area at 1.5 cm2. (Normal is between 2.5-3.0 cm2.)

Because of his aortic valve issue, I suggested that, in addition to the 10,000 units of vitamin D required to increase his 25-hydroxy vitamin D level to 70 ng/ml, he also add vitamin K2, 1000 mcg per day, along with elimination of all calcium supplements. (I asked Don to use a K2 supplement that contained both forms, short-acting MK-4 and long-acting MK-7.)

One year later, another echocardiogram: aortic valve area 2.6 cm2--an incredible increase.

This is not supposed to happen. By conventional thinking, aortic valve stenosis can only get worse, never get better. But I've now witnessed this in approximately 10% of the people with aortic valve stenosis. The majority just stop getting worse, an occasional person gets worse, while a few, like Don, get better.

Aortic valve stenosis is to the aortic valve as degenerative arthritis is to your knees: A form of wear-and-tear that leads to progressive dysfunction. When the aortic valve becomes stiff enough (i.e., "stenotic"), then it leads to chest pains, lightheadedness or losing consciousness, heart failure, and, eventually, death. Bad problem.

Aortic stenosis typically starts in your 50s with calcification of the valve, getting worse and worse until the calcium makes the valve "leaflets" unable to move. The treatment: a new valve, a major undertaking involving an open heart procedure.

What if taking vitamins D and K2 and avoiding calcium do not just reverse or stop aortic valve stenosis once established, but prevents it in the first place? Tantalizing possibility.

Pressures on my time being what they are, I've not had the freedom to put together a prospective study to further examine this fascinating question. But it is definitely worth pursuing.

Comments (60) -

  • Might-o'chondri-AL

    2/28/2011 1:03:38 AM |

    Aortic stenosis is +/- 2% once age 65 and +/-4% for those over
    85; but that's still
    +/-300,000 valve replacements done yearly for it. I'm not passing myself as the doctor here, so following is what I think is relevant science.

    The cytokine TGF-B1 (transforming growth factor beta)is seen in the blood progressively more as the aortic stenosis pathology worsens. Other elevated indicators
    are fibronectin, collagen I & II, plus sarcomeric protein myosin light-chain 2.

    All of the preceeding seem to be driven by TGF-B1 kinase-1 (TAK1) pathway, &/or TGF/SMAD transcription factors. The obstructive build up involves TGF-B1 inducing a pheno-type alteration of the local fibroblasts into more of a matix.

    It's altered the valvular cells' environment, so to speak, and so extra cellular matrix (ECM) components acrue. Calcium in circulation is capable of depositing in the aged valve matrix; which, scaffolding matrix, youth don't have to "trap" the calcium.

    The treatment of very high
    vitamin D would down-regulate the cytokine TGF-B1, high vitamin K2 encourage matrix solubility and restricted calcium mineral with it's ion dynamics take the load off valve.

  • Jim

    2/28/2011 1:16:04 AM |

    Doc, this is a phenomenal result!!  Thanks should be given to your keen medical insight and willingness to try alternative medicine in helping your patients!  You have what I consider to be probably the best website of its kind on the internet.  
         I live in a Chicago S/W suburb, which is really not that far, from your Milwaukee Office.  I have gone to your city a few times on business over the past couple of years and I regret not making an appointment in getting an exam.  One of these days I will make the trip to see you with or without an accompanying business trip.  Maybe this will spur more folks from the Chicago area to make the trip up North.

  • Ken

    2/28/2011 3:39:12 AM |

    Excellent work Dr.Davis.Vitamin K2 ensures that calcium ends up where we want it.The combination of vitamins D3
    and K2 has many benefits.

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 4:06:40 AM |

    I am thrilled to read this thread. I am a 64 y/o woman diagnosed w/"mild to moderate" aortic stenosis with some regurgitation as well as some mitral valve regurg. As a child I had several severe strep throats, had a total hysterectomy at 42, and subsequently have been diagnosed with hypothyroidism, all of which I have read might be causative.  My MGH cardiologist says I'm not "bad enough" for surgery,and of course I don't want it, but I feel really awful--very tired, some chest pain at times, and occasional feelings that I can't get my breath.
    I need a plan--and would appreciate any help.
    Laura

  • Anne

    2/28/2011 7:33:02 AM |

    Ever since I came across Dr Davis's heart scan blog four years ago I have been waiting for more more info on this. I have aortic valve stenosis - not due to degenerative changes but due to congenital aortic valve defect - a bicuspid aortic valve - and I have been supplementing with high dose vitamin D ever since.

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 9:52:57 AM |

    Maybe for those who have severe calcification, they should avoid calcium. However, for the rest of the population, ensuring enough K2+D3+retinol(natural form)+magnesium and other nutrients is probably a better approach. Calcium itself protects against the heavy metal burden the body has been shown to accumulate with age. Calcium has also been proven to result in lessened inflammation (CRP), less genomic damage, longer telomeres, and lessened mortality. In the end, I would say, don't avoid calcium. Just make sure you don't get too much ***in relation*** to the other nutrients you are getting.

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 11:17:02 AM |

    Echocardiograms can have substantial variability, certain assumptions are built into the mathematical formulas used to evaluate aortic valve stenosis. Was there any differences noted in the doppler velocity (Lvot, cw)or outflow tract dimension? Small differences in these measurements can yield large variability in aortic valve area. Just playing devils advocate here.......

  • Ken

    2/28/2011 2:01:33 PM |

    I read some comments by a doctor on a website.He said,"Vitamin K2 decreased calcium deposits in aortic valves.Some of my patients' stenotic aortic valve systolic gradients decreased by about 20mm mercury."

    Intestinal absorption of calcium can double or even quadruple when vitamin D levels approach desirable levels.Therefore, calcium supplements are not required.Hypercalcemia can lead to heart attacks, kidney stones , atherosclerosis and arthritis over long periods of time.There is plenty of calcium in food.

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 3:28:34 PM |

    So you're saying my knees won't get better?!

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 3:34:11 PM |

    1000 mcg per day!  Is that 1000 of MK-4 or MK-7.
    For about 6 months a while backmI ws taking 1000 of MK-7
    the-kid

  • PeterVermont

    2/28/2011 6:19:42 PM |

    I found out about K2 when my Dad was diagnosed with aortic stenosis. I tried to convince him to try Vitamin D and K2 but he went the conventional route and now has a cow's aortic valve.

    I have been taking 200mcg K2 every day along with my ~4000 IU/day Vitamin D. I have never had a scan and always wonder how blocked my arteries are and whether the vitamin k2 is regressing any blockage.

    A nice blog post from Nephropal on Vitamin K2

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 6:26:26 PM |

    Thanks again Dr. Davis, your dedication to your job is incredible!
    I have looked for K2 supplements containing both MK-4 and MK-7 but can't find them anywhere? They are not to be found in your own online shop at https://shop.trackyourplaque.com/ - where can I buy them in this proposed heavy duty dose (is's like 20 x 50mcg pills a day, quite a lot)? And what is the right balance between MK-4 and MK-7? Anyone?
    Thanks - The Viking.

  • Paul

    2/28/2011 9:45:42 PM |

    Viking,

    I have searched long and hard for such a supplement with no success.  My guess is it doesn't exist because these two forms of K2 come from two completely different sources.

    K2-MK4 (menatetrenone) is the animal form. The richest natural food source is found in green grass-fed cow's butter.  Supplements made from the natural source of menatetrenone are hard to find. The only one I'm aware of is a product called X-Factor Butter Oil made by Radiant Life.  There are less expensive synthetic forms of menatetrenone sold by Carlson Labs and Thorne Research.

    K2-MK7 (menaquinone-7) is the plant form. Its richest food source is fermented soy beans, also called "natto".  Supplements made from a natural source of menaquinone-7 are widely available.

  • Anonymous

    2/28/2011 10:37:38 PM |

    Life Extension's 'Super K' formula contains MK4 & MK7 and is available everywhere - try iherb.com

  • Might-o'chondri-AL

    2/28/2011 11:11:51 PM |

    Natto is fermenting here at home; it's remarkably easy and cheap. Doc's posted data is for each 100 grams Natto (3.5 oz., +/- 2 shot glasses volume) Mk-7 = 1,000 mcg, plus Mk-8 = 84 mcg.

    Home preparations won't exactly match commercial products analysis. Previously Doc stated that Natto raises serum Mk-4 & is active inside us for up to 4 hours; Mk-7 potent longer.

    G.E.M. Cultures (now in Washington state) sell pure Japanese Natto spores by mail order. I've no financial interest here, just their long term customer. (Natto's poly-glutamic acid was a melting stabilizer in a tropical dairy development project's ice cream manufacturing.)

    Buying the "commercial" size spore vial will let your learning curve be cheap. Online are plenty of variations on how to make Natto; G.E.M. ships with instructions in English and Japanese original.

    To make 1 pound soy bean batch you just need to incubate a dish +/- 10 inches by 10 inches and less than 2 inches deep. It'll last a person weeks refrigerated.

  • Ken

    2/28/2011 11:37:32 PM |

    I take one Life Extension Super K with Advanced K2 Complex softgel capsule per day.
    Each capsule contains 1000 micrograms Vitamin K2 as menaquinone-4, 100 micrograms
    Vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 and 1000 micrograms of vitamin K1. I buy the capsules
    at iHerb.com but other places sell them including Life Extension.
    Invite K2 capsules contain 500mcg of MK-4,500mcg of MK7 and 1000mcg of vitamin K1.

  • Dr. William Davis

    2/28/2011 11:58:58 PM |

    Hi, Might'--

    Thanks, as always, for your incredibly insightful comments. I, too, suspect that there are discrete, identifiable pathways that would provide a plausible basis for a D3/K2 effect on aortic valve pathology.


    Anonymous with questions about the echo Doppler data--

    The aortic valve areas were obtained with 3 views on the maximal aortic supravalvular velocity, using both the standard transducer as well as the Pedoff. On both studies, the LV outflow tract diameter was 2.1 cm. The second aortic valve diameter was also confirmed with planimetry.

    Notably, peak aortic valve velocity dropped from 20 mmHg to 9 mmHg. I watched the echo tech (a very capable one, by the way) while he interrogated the valve. I am confident that we obtained the maximal peak velocity.

    All in all, I believe it is a real effect.

  • Dr. William Davis

    3/1/2011 12:00:15 AM |

    Anonymous and Paul--

    I have been advising the Life Extension "Super K."

    Super K contains 900 mcg MK-4, 100 mcg MK-7, as well as 1000 mcg vitamin K1.

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 12:34:09 AM |

    Have you seen any results like this on any of the other heart valves?
    My Dad has severe mitral valve stenosis. I am taking D and K2 and trying to convince him to do the same.

  • Paul

    3/1/2011 1:27:34 AM |

    Thank you, Dr. Davis.

    Looks like I'm in need of sharpening my search skills.

    Super K looks like a good deal.  I'll have to check it out when my supply of K2 runs low.

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 1:44:15 AM |

    In the Life Extension Super K, is the 1000 mcg of K1 a problem as far as causing clotting?

    I always understood that K2 (both MK-4 & MK-7) do not cause clotting like K1 does.

    Would love to see some calcium scoring results (and/or angiogram) before and after K2 administration, as well as carotid ultrasound results.

    Thanks for this blog, I visit it often.

  • Davide

    3/1/2011 2:19:58 AM |

    I'm curious if the addition of large doses of fish oil to the formula would also help decrease stenosis.

  • AllanF

    3/1/2011 3:59:15 AM |

    FWIW, another source of K2: http://www.vitacost.com/NSI-Ultra-Vitamin-K-with-Advanced-K2-Complex/?ntt=844197013470

    I don't have the links at hand, but I remember reading second-hand a study that showed excess K1 does NOT up-regulate clotting. Unless you are on Warfarin, K1 is completely safe, even for stroke patients.

    Good luck.

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 5:28:12 AM |

    Off topic but amusing considering...

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110223122425.htm

    High Vitamin-D Bread Could Help Solve Widespread Insufficiency Problem

    ScienceDaily (Feb. 24, 2011) — With most people unable to get enough vitamin D from sunlight or foods, scientists are suggesting that a new vitamin D-fortified food -- bread made with high-vitamin D yeast -- could fill that gap. Their study, confirming that the approach works in laboratory tests, appears in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 5:40:59 AM |

    Wow, to any regular reader of this (wonderful) blog that (i.e., the vitamin D bread) is hilarious!!!

  • Might-o'chondri-AL

    3/1/2011 6:47:14 AM |

    Measured my just finished Natto yield from 1 pound dry soy beans. Digital scale here is down, so spring scale reading is ~ 875 grams Natto made.

    Spores cost $14 (plus shipping) and are enough to make +/- 86 pounds of finished Natto. That's 39,000 grams of Natto.

    If 100 grams Natto offering 1,000mcg Mk-7 is fine, then that's 390days worth. Dry soybean substrate for 390 days Natto is 45 pounds of soy (using my spring scale yield data).

    Elsewhere in this blog, Doc I think, stated 32.7 mcg K2 decreased aorta calcification. Maybe the decimal got misplaced in my notes. Or reversal, verses prevention, demands mega-dose vitamin K.

    I fork mash +/- 50 gr. Natto and blend it in with  +/- 50 gr. Hummus. That amount of Natto will fit on 2 rice cakes as well.

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 2:31:54 PM |

    Dr. Davis, my greatest respect for your work. Two questions to your groundbreaking observations on D3/K2:
    1) Did the patient in question have a biscupid or triscupid valve?
    2) Was the patient exposed to any other lifestyle changes apart from D3/K2 that could explain the remarkable change?
    3) I have seen some sites selling K2 warning against taking them together with high fibre meals. Why is that, and what is the best time/frequency to take D3/K2?
    Regards, Louis

  • Anonymous

    3/1/2011 6:05:12 PM |

    I'm curious if Dr. Davis has seen any improvements in his patients using vit D3 alone.

    I expect K2 (MK-7 to be exact) helped, but was just wondering how he knows what helps or doesn't, when his patients are doing several protocols at one time (D3, fish oil, no-wheat/low carbs, perhaps niacin)...

  • Paul

    3/1/2011 7:35:41 PM |

    Might-o'chondri-AL,

    Your notes are correct.  The 32.7 mcg K2 data point comes from the Rotterdam Heart Study.  It was the minimum dose in participants showing a lower risk of both heart attack and aortic calcification.

  • Diana

    3/1/2011 8:23:43 PM |

    I use Life Extension Super K with Advanced K2 Complex that I buy from iherb. You can also get K-2 (MK-4)from High vitamin butter oil from green pastures. (You can buy it alone or with Fermented Cod Liver Oil)
    Use this code to save $5.00 off your 1st order with iherb: ROV990

  • Dr. William Davis

    3/4/2011 3:01:31 PM |

    Hi, Louis--

    The fundamental problem with retrospective observations is that you never know with absolute certainty what was done to achieve the observed effect.

    However, everybody in the Track Your Plaque program and coming through my office do nearly the same thing, i.e., fish oil, vit D, diet, etc. I NEVER witnessed regression of aortic stenosis until we added vitamin D. I am speculating whether K2 adds yet another level of control over aortic valve disease.

    This is still in the world of anecdotal observation. This is, of course, nothing even close to a clinical trial. But this can be how new ideas get their start.

  • C.J. Bahnsen

    3/4/2011 10:25:31 PM |

    Hi Doctor Davis,

    I am new to your HS blog and, after reading a few, I'm glad I signed on. Great info. Quick question regarding this idea of "cleaning" or adding flexibility to the arteries: Do you put any value in Chelation therapy? I took oral chelation supplements for a time and it seemed to lower my triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Any thoughts on this, especially as it pertains to the oral version versus the IV method?

    Thanks,  Chris

  • bodylift

    3/5/2011 9:43:55 AM |

    This is been amazing. I am take it seriously. Thanks for this information.

  • Jack

    3/9/2011 6:55:39 PM |

    Chances are the calcium supplement you are taking now is a rock source of calcium. The label will say "calcium carbonate", which is nothing more than limestone. AlgaeCal Plus contains an organic, plant-sourced calcium form derived from a unique South American marine algae called Algas Calcareasâ„¢.

  • Karen

    6/5/2011 8:18:39 PM |

    Dear Dr. Davis,

    Thank you for your website.  I am a 68-yr female with AS.  My aortic valve area is 0.69.  I weigh 118, and fast-walk/jog for an hour 4 days/wk.  I am asymptomatic, and my cardiologist advises watchful waiting.  

    How much Vit.D would you advise.  Is the amount weight related?

    Thanks again.  

    Karen

  • nose surgery

    7/6/2011 5:33:09 PM |

    Intestinal absorption of calcium can double or even quadruple, when vitamin D levels levels.Therefore desirable approach, calcium can not required.Hypercalcemia to heart attacks, kidney stones, atherosclerosis and arthritis over a long period have lead tours is a lot of calcium in food.

  • varicose veins

    7/6/2011 6:06:28 PM |

    Dr. Davis's heart scan blog ever since I met four years ago, I have been waiting for more information on this. I have aortic stenosis - not because of degenerative changes, but because of congenital aortic valve defect - bicuspid aortic valve - I have been using high doses of vitamin D supplements since.

  • Eric

    8/16/2011 6:49:42 PM |

    Dr. Davis,

    Do you mean to say that you put him on 1,000mcg of K2 MK-7 per day? (or was the 1,000mcg a combined total of all forms?)

  • Adam

    10/8/2011 4:28:38 PM |

    Dear Dr. Davis, a Final Guidance question.....

    I know Life extensions Super K is a good supplement, but the question that seems to have been asked a few times on this blog is..."what is a good & ideal target daily does combination of both MK-4 and MK-7" ?

    We have heard you say that 1000 mg a day of mk4 & mk7 is a good target...but in what ratio?  Just like Omega3 has good target ratio of EPA/DHA....can you suggest some guidance as to what a good target ratio
    of mk4 & mk7 would be ?

    Thank you!

    Adam

  • Dr. William Davis

    10/9/2011 11:00:50 PM |

    HI, Adam--

    I wish I knew! This is the difficulty with K2: too little known.

    Sure, there are plenty of opinions, but little fact. You and I can only continue to follow the emerging evidence and make our decisions as the evidence unfolds. Right now, it is simply not clear what the ideal regimen is.

  • Tom

    12/8/2011 4:33:42 PM |

    Dear Dr,

    I just came across your blog. Mind-blowing stuff. Especially because I have mild-moderate stenosis. Moderately calcified and bi-cusped. I wanted to know if any of your patients had bicusped aortic stenosis and your treatment with D3 and K2 might have seen reversals?

    also, do you suggest K2 with Mk-4 and Mk-7 or is just MK-7 sufficient?
    I am taking just about 2000 IU D3 and 100 MK-7 K2, fish oil and veggies, fruits, walking.

    Hope you can respond.

    As always, thank you for all the good work you do.

    Tom.

  • Sandra Broussard

    12/20/2011 9:00:24 PM |

    life extention vitmin k2 is from GMO soy.  Shame on them for trying to poison us.

  • Rita

    1/25/2012 5:08:47 PM |

    Can you tell me how you found out that Super K contain GMO soy?

  • jane cook atkins

    3/5/2012 4:06:52 AM |

    My father was just diagnosed with aortic stenosis and I had to go to a friend who is a biochemist to discuss some nutritional options for an 83 year old man.  I have used Isotonix supplements or the Nutrametrix line of same product since 1995.  Personally I wanted to go in that direction with a scientific mind to talk with. My Dad''s doctor told me he personally uses supplements but was not allowed to direct my father on them.  He is basically following a check list.  My Dad is a player and I have him on a great regimen.  After finding your blog, I am looking to add d with k2 in Isotonix.  I have him on an Isotonix Calcium supplement that has d3 in it.   Not junk calcium or tums.  
    http://dwithk2.blogspot.com/
    this is my blog and you can go to the bottom of it to see label on the product.
    Our next stop is the cardio doc who we were advised would want to replace his aortic valve.  I really think that should be a very last resort.  
    Really, I believe some lifestyle changes and bumping some Isotonix supplements to heavy dosing is a better option.

  • Dr. William Davis

    3/6/2012 3:52:23 AM |

    The key, in my view, for control over aortic stenosis (thought I have not YET published the observations) is:

    1) Supplement vitamin D to achieve a 25-hydroxy vitamin D level of 60-70 ng/ml, and
    2) Vitamin K2 supplementation to provide 1000 mcg MK-4 or at least 100 mcg MK-7, and
    3) Take NO supplemental calcium, as calcium is passive "mortar" that will calcify the aortic valve.

  • Dr. J. Edwards

    3/16/2012 6:18:32 PM |

    Pertaining to myself (aortic valve stenosis and stenosis of the spine) and my wine (parathyroid adenoma (non malignant) on Sinsipar to control without surgery.

    If we eliminate calcium  supplements (which this  makes me consider), can I forget about getting too much in food (I also take buffered Vitamin C, which will be a problem, since I have gastritis).

    Also wonder if magnesium, boron & strontium are good or bad to take??????

    Last, can you give me a link for natural treatment of parathyroid adenoma. My wife also refuses to take Boniva and her bone density is bad.

    Thanks in advance.

  • Dr. Davis

    3/26/2012 4:52:09 PM |

    Dr. Edwards--

    Unfortunately, no data.

    You are venturing further into the world of "normalizing" calcium metabolism. I'd like to believe that all this makes sense, as they tend to benefit osteoporosis/osteopenia, and removal of calcium as a supplement is likely a good thing, given its contribution to cardiovascular risk.

    But we lack real data on the effects. I will tell you that the vitamin D, however, is very real, having now done this in around 60+ patients.

  • Rita C.

    5/3/2012 7:38:41 PM |

    Dr. Davis,
         I'm 67, female with CAVD.  Heart murmur, dizziness, exhaustion since holidays led to apt with cardiologist resulting in mild aortic stenosis diagnosis in early April.
         I have taken Vitamin D3 over last two years after Welcome to Medicare physical showed low levels.  I have now added CoQ10.  After stumbling upon your blog, I'm now adding 135 mcg K-2 Mk7.  
         Despite the fact that I'm symptomatic, I'm hoping to avoid heart surgery until the new trans-vascular technique is approved for a wider range of patients.  I return to my cardiologist in early August and I will be most interested in comparing new test results against my April numbers--call it a personal clinical trial of one.
         A few years ago I observed open heart surgery at a major surgical center in Houston.  I vowed I would never have it myself, but here I am now, staring it squarely in the face.  I can't thank you enough for your website. It's given me a small measure of hope.

  • John Wilsonf

    5/25/2012 9:22:58 PM |

    Dr Davis:
    I am a 70 year old slim athletic male with a bicuspid aortic valve that has been stable for about 6 years with echo area measurements showing 1.2 to 1.3 sq cm.  When I got my first echo 6 yrs ago I searched published literature and decided to start 200mg MK-7 daily and I take quite a few supplements, including vit D, niacin, and about 3 gms fish oil (EPA+DHA).  My cardiologist is surprised to not see a reduction in area, and valve replacement seems to have been put off successfully.  This year, however, my ascending aorta was measured at  48 mm by echo, up from 44 (MRI measurement) a year ago.  Surgery was recommended, based on the aneurysm, not the valve, but of course both would be done at the same time.  A cardiac CT scan was ordered by the potential surgeon and the radiologist report indicated a maximum ascending aortic diameter of 45mm, but the surgeon said he looked at the 3-D CT images and it looked more like 47-48 mm to him.  Search for coronary artery plaque indicated all arteries "normal" except for the "1st Obtuse marginal: Tiny focal calcified plaque causing no luminal narrowing" .Beginning January, 2012, I have eliminated wheat and calcium supplements and have actually gone low-carb, high fat, adequate protein to the extent to be in "nutritional ketosis".  Ketones range from 0.5 to 1.9, depending on time of day and whether it is before or after exercize, etc.  I feel great!  Given that I am "on the boarder line" where surgery is recommended, I have thought about giving this more stringent diet a year to see if the aneurysm shrinks.

    My question is this:  Some time ago you posted your experience of seeing patients ("Jake") where diet/supplements contributed to reducing the size of an aneurysm, but I cannot find any follow-up information in your excellent blog (or publications).  What is the best diet/supplement regime that would optimize reduction of an aneurysm?  If the mechanism for the aortic wall degredation is the same as for artery plaque, then I know your answer because of your writings on this subject.  My interest in writing is to determine if there are other dietary or supplement changes I should make that would optimize my chances of improvement in my one-year trial, should I decide to do it.  Also, do you agree that nutritional ketosis (which I have no problem staying on) should be advantageous?

  • Gaurav

    8/17/2012 11:23:56 PM |

    Dr. Davis,
    I chanced upon your blog while searching for content of MK7 in natto! What a fortuitous discovery for me.

    I started taking a Vitamin D3 supplement last year when my level was diagnosed at 20 ng/ml. I took about 3000 IU per day for 9 months and my level rose to 27 ng/ml. I did so using a D3 spray in coconut oil sprayed under my tongue.

    Recently, I came across research that D3 supplementation, even in the 2000-3000 IUs a day dosage, without K2 supplementation will cause calcification of arteries and soft-tissues.

    Wanted to ask for your input on this:
    - How much K2 should I take, especially to reverse calcification? Seems like 100 mcg of MK7 and 1000 mcg of MK4 are common doses.
    - Can I take K2 just 2-3 times a week, just to be conservative. How about if I just eat Natto for MK7 and stay away from the supplements?
    - Would you still recommend D3 along with K2? If so, what is a safe D3 dose to go with 100 mcg of MK7?
    - Is calcification observed in those who were taking Calcium with D3 or it can be seen even without Calcium supplementation? I eat a pretty low-carb, high-fat, decent amount of proteins, less red meat diet. Also, I take no dairy, calcium supplement or calcium fortified foods.

    Thanks so much for your time.

  • Rita C..

    9/16/2012 4:35:50 PM |

    Update to my first comment after six months.  

    After six months of K2/D3, CoQ10, and Niacin supplements, I had my first nuclear stress test at my cardiologist's office.  Photos were picture perfect--strong, well functioning heart.  Efficiency percentage was mid 60s in March, but went to 87% in late August.  Primary Care physician had difficulty locating murmur that was pronounced in March.  I'm now scheduled for a second echocardiogram in early February.  That will be the acid test.  

    Despite excellent test results, I'm still experiencing some fatigue and dizziness, but not nearly so much as when first diagnosed.  I remain hopeful that with continued supplement therapy and good eating habits, I'll be one of the lucky ten percent who experience remission from AS with K2/D3 therapy.

  • Mel

    10/12/2012 9:29:25 AM |

    Hi Rita I thought to mention that I've been going through the comments here and really appreciate that you are giving us updates of your progress. Hoping for good results for you next round!

  • Holly

    12/18/2012 4:39:24 PM |

    Dear Dr.Davis,
    I came across your blog by chance and very interested in your opinion regarding valve problems. I would be most grateful if you can advice me on my situation:
    I always believed that I have a strong heart as I excercised a lot--swimming and hiking, never expected that the first thing knocked me down is my heart. Starting this year from January, I went to Hospital Emergency 8 times, 4 in Jan, 2 in Feb and 1 in April and anthor 1 in Nov, all because of very fast heartbeat. The first 4 made me hard to breath and thought I was dying. All the blood tests at the hopsital came out normal. However, the ecogram showed that I had moderate aortic valve regurgitation. As meantime I was suffering from gastric problems of not being able to eat much, my heart condition gave me scaring experience of being extreme fatigue, dizzy, chest pain, neck and should pain.  Doctors said I do not need to do anything.
    Even the fast beat of my heart is getting better recently, constant fatigue and dizziness and neck pain prevents from living a normal life.

    I am also scared to see my 4 year ecogram with only "traces of aortic valve regurgitation," now changed to moderate.

    I would likfe to know why my valve degenerate so fast? what can I do to stop the process. After seeing your blog, I bought vitamin D (my level is 43) and K2 (both mk4 and 7), how much dose should I take, will these vitamins alone help stop the degeneration process?

    I also considering coming down to see you if you give appointments for consultation.

    Thanks for your help!

    Holly

  • Holly

    12/18/2012 4:43:39 PM |

    by the way, I am 50 years old and have a stressful job.
    HOlly

  • Karen

    2/10/2013 9:47:04 PM |

    Dr Davis,

    Any research on a wheat less diet and lipoproteins and their affects on Aeortic stenosis? If elemenating them will prevent or reverse this condition?

    Thank you,

    Karen

  • John Wagner

    5/11/2013 6:16:00 PM |

    There are several different causes of aortic stenosis. Congenital (ie bicuspid aortic valve) and rheumatic fever start at younger ages. ASc or sclerosis is a disease of older people, same age risk as ASHD or coronary disease (atherosclerosis) and is nothing more than a variant manisfectation of the same risk factors that causes myocardial infractions., high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, diabetes and lipid disorders from high carb diets or a combination commonly called Metabolic syndrome. All of these risk factors cause coronary artery disease and/or ASc, it is just a crap shoot as to which one may show up first...but, treat both the same. Does that mean Vit D doesn't work? Of course not, newer studies beginning to show high Vit D levels are Importent in atherosclerosis Ann cancer prevention.

  • Courtney Janak

    7/31/2013 3:08:56 PM |

    My husband has a coronary calcium score of over 900. His cholesterol levels were: total:217, HDL:44, LDL:147, trigyclerides:167. His cardiologist wanted to put him on Provastatin and scheduled him for an echo-cardiogram stress test. He has chosen to put off taking the statins and has started taking K2 and magnesium supplements. Is this ok? Should statins be recommended for his score?

    Is there a cardiologist in or near Santa Fe, NM, who has an understanding of nutrient issues similar to yours?

  • Lisa D

    7/31/2013 5:15:57 PM |

    I stumbled upon your blog a year ago when researching how to reverse aortic valve calcification.  At the time I was 49 and had just gotten my echo results.  I was told that I had abnormal relaxation of my left ventricle consistent with diastolic dysfunction, a trileaflet aortic valve with a trace of regurgitation and mild calcification.  My aortic root is borderline in size.  Well that was a heck of a blow because my echo the previous year was normal.  (I have echos done because I had chest pain several years ago that turned out to be esophageal spasm.  However, everyone in my family died from heart disease and my father had his major MI at age 47.  My grandmother died from aortic stenosis... so they do yearly echos on me.  I also have hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome and my ApoE genotype is 3/4)

    After I read your blog, I went out and bought Life Extension Super K.  I have been taking it for over one year--since last July.  I found in my research that people with the ApoE4 allele don't hold on to vitamin K2 as well as those who do not have this genotype, so I didn't know if one pill a day was enough.  After a gigantic hassle trying to find a lab that runs the undercarboxylated osteocalcin test, I finally had my level drawn.  It came back at 3.8.  (Normal was anything below 12.1).  The results provided a graph which showed I am in the low normal end of the spectrum.  It showed that 80% of the population is lower than me--which surprises me because I bet most of the population doesn't take vitamin K2.  Maybe the only people having this test done are those who do supplement with vitamin K...   In any case, that lab was drawn in mid May, and since that time I doubled my dose to 2 capsules per day.  What should my undercarboxylated osteocalcin level be?  I can't find any data about what level is acceptable to reverse calcification.  I have also been taking vitamin D for several years--my level was originally 9.  I take 50,000 units once a week.  My last D level was 87.4, so I'm pretty close to the 70 that you suggest.  I also throw in about 8,000 u of vitamin A twice a month because I read that it's necessary to downregulate the D.  My D had gotten as high as 115 last year but has been in the mid 60s-80s since.  I also take CoQ10 200mg per day and fish oil. (I was taking it daily, but what do you think about the new study out saying it increases the incidence of prostate cancer?  I didn't want to increase my possibility of any kind of cancer, so I'm only taking it twice a week now... thoughts?)

    I had an echo and a Lexiscan (because I couldn't walk on the treadmill due to foot problems and foot surgery 1.5 yrs ago) done last week.  I get my results tomorrow and am hoping that the calcification is gone... When I had my echo done last year I was overweight (BMI 38.8) with some sleep apnea.  After that appointment, I walked out of that office and changed my life.  I have been on basically a "no white" diet--no sugar, flour, pasta, rice, bread, sweets, etc.  Because of my PCOS, I can't even eat complex carbs without gaining weight.  (I have done strict Atkins before but couldn't sustain it because it was so strict.  This is working for me.  My carbs come from low glycemic fruits and vegetables primarily.  I do eat meat, dairy and nuts).  I went back to the gym and go every other day.  I lift weights (my son is a personal trainer), climb the stair master for 20 minutes and then go home to ride my exercise bike for 45 minutes every day.  I ride my exercise bike every day for at least 45 minutes and sometimes do double cardio days on weekends.  I have lost 63 pounds in the last year.  I would like to lose another 20 pounds.  I have an oral appliance for the sleep apnea and will have another sleep study done after I lose the last 20 lbs.  I know that I didn't used to snore when I was thin (pre-pregnancy).  I'm only 11 lbs above my pre-pregnant weight now.  I know that the sleep apnea can lead to diastolic dysfunction.  I'm hoping I'm reversing that!

    Any other suggestions for me?  I'm especially interested to know how much vitamin K2 I need to take to potentially reverse this darn calcification.  I've mentioned the K2 to my other doctors and so far they're all in the dark and don't even seem to care about it... I'm shocked, because there are big studies out there that back it up.  I don't know about my cardiologist because I don't see him until tomorrow.  I'm shocked that my endocrinologist didn't seem to care because he does bone density scans in his office.  I'm getting one done in a couple months.  In my past 2 scans, I was dropping towards osteopenia.  I'm hoping with the vitamin K2 that I show dramatic improvement so that I can show him I was right about the K.

    Thank you for any help,
    Lisa D. RN

  • Marsha

    8/25/2013 12:40:59 AM |

    Oh come on Jim, try google every once in awhile.  This isn't Dr. Davis' discovery...it's been studied and written about for at least 8 years now.

  • Michael

    8/25/2013 12:51:35 AM |

    Isn't that the brand that everyone over on the Inspire.com site is having problems with?  Seriously, there's been quite a discussion about it.  Many found that once they switched to Carlson's K2 only, that their palpitations, etc., went away.

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Is there something fishy about fish oil?

To be sure, there's plenty of misinformation out there about fish oil. Take a look at the swill that passes for health information on Woman's Day: On Call with Dr. Sandy: Fish Oil and Mercury:



Reader Question: My doctor recommended that I take a fish oil supplement, but I'm concerned about mercury. Is there any way to tell which brands are lowest in mercury content?



On Call Response: When it comes to OTC supplements, the answer is no. Though most fish oil supplements sold by major brands are probably safe, there's really no way to tell what's in the bottle or how much mercury it might contain.




Perhaps Dr. Sandy should read the many independent analyses performed on nutritional supplement fish oil, including those at Consumer Lab and Consumer Report before she offers her blind criticisms.

Lovaza vs fish oil supplements?

Lovaza is the FDA-approved form of fish oil that is available only by prescription. It contains 842 mg of the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, per capsule.

The FDA application for Lovaza is viewable here on the FDA website. Interestingly, while there is plenty of the usual regulatory gobbledy-gook about toxicology, dose escalation, and efficacy in the extensive documentation, there is little said about the issue of contamination.

In other words, critics of nutritional supplement fish oil harp on the possibility of contamination with mercury and pesticide residues, like dioxin and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). Yet there is virtually nothing about these same issues in the FDA application for Lovaza.

Let's take a look at a sample over-the-counter fish oil product. Our friends at PharmaNutrients (a new Track Your Plaque partner for nutritional supplements) have a fish oil product called PharmaNutrients" Cardio. Here's an independent analysis of the Cardio product (per 1000 mg fish oil capsule):

EPA content: 566.1 mg
DHA content: 216.6 mg
(Total EPA + DHA 782.7 mg)

Cardio passed all tests for peroxides, PCBs, dioxin, furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) using criteria at least 60% more stringent than European Commission (EC) standards (EC standard <2 picograms/gm for dioxins and furans, PharmaNutrients <1 picograms/gm; EC standard <10 picograms/gm for dioxin-like PCBs, PharmaNutrients <3 picograms/gm). PCBs levels in particular are less than 0.009 ppm, 90% below the industry-wide purity standard of 0.09 ppm. Likewise, mercury is >90% lower than European Commission standards.

In other words, this over-the-counter "pharmaceutical grade" fish oil has virtually nothing but omega-3 fatty acids.

Interestingly, the PharmaNutrients fish oil capsule also contains the third omega-3 fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), a neglected form that some authorities have proposed has superior cardiovascular protective properties over eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). If DPA is included in the analysis, PharmaNutrient's Cardio contains a total of 900 mg omega-3 fatty acids per capsule.

At some point, I'd like to see a head-to-head comparison not just on purity grounds, since I am convinced that high-quality products like Cardio can match or exceed the purity of prescription fish oil, but on efficacy in raising omega-3 blood levels, the omega-3 index. (The omega-3 index is a predictor of heart attack and sudden cardiac death--the higher, the better.) My prediction: High-quality fish oil supplements will match or exceed prescription fish oil.

More on blood sugar

Take any of the following foods:

One chicken breast
Quarter-pound ground beef
6 oz salmon steak
½ cup raw almonds
3 eggs scrambled in olive oil

How much is blood sugar increased by any item in the above list?

If you said virtually zero, you’re correct. Eat any of these foods, regardless of portion size, and blood sugar won’t change substantially. If you started with a blood sugar of, say, 90 mg/dl, 1-2 hours later it would be 90 mg/dl. It might go up or even down a few milligrams, but for all practical purposes it remains substantially unchanged.

How much is blood sugar increased by the foods in this list:

2 slices multigrain bread
1 whole wheat bagel
4 oz high-fiber breakfast cereal
2 whole grain pancakes, 2 oz maple syrup

The foods in this list are a different story from the first. Depending on your body weight, exercise habits, and other factors, a typical blood sugar response in an otherwise healthy non-diabetic person would be 120 mg/dl to 160 mg/dl. In someone with diabetes, it could easily exceed 200 mg/dl.

That isn’t good. Large blood sugar excursions to 140 mg/dl have been clearly associated with greater risk for heart attack, progression to diabetes, inflammatory responses, and other adverse health effects. In fact, blood sugars as low as 100 mg/dl after eating have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Then why are the USDA, American Heart Association, the American Dietetic Association, and the American Diabetes Association telling us to eat more of the foods that shoot blood sugar up to such high levels? “Eat more healthy whole grains”?

To see how much the issue of exaggerated blood sugars after eating applies to you, a simple blood sugar check 1-2 hours after eating can show you. Either your doctor can have the test drawn or you can purchase your own inexpensive glucose meter (e.g., Walmart, Wagreens).

My prediction: You will be very surprised at blood sugar responses after common foods, including “healthy whole grains.” And, by the way, keeping blood sugar excursions to a minimum will facilitate weight loss.

Postprandial blood sugar: Almonds vs. whole wheat bread

Here's my postprandial (after-eating) blood glucose demonstration.



I tested raw almonds vs. 100% whole wheat bread, matched for calories. (Full nutritional composition below.)



Blood sugars:

Raw almonds

Start:

One-hour after eating:





2 slices 100% whole wheat bread

Start:

One-hour after eating:





100% whole wheat bread, 2 large slices

Water (g) 24.69

Energy (kcal) 158

Protein (g) 8.29

Fat, total (g) 2.14

Carbohydrate (g) 26.43

Sugars, total (g) 3.56

Fiber, total dietary (g) 4.4

Cholesterol (mg) 0

Saturated fatty acids, total (g) 0.478

Monounsaturated fatty acids, total (g) 1.022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, total (g) 0.384





23 almonds, raw



Energy (kcal) 159

Protein (g) 5.86

Fat, total (g) 13.64

Carbohydrate (g) 5.98

Sugars, total (g) 1.07

Fiber, total dietary (g) 3.4

Cholesterol (mg) 0

Saturated fatty acids, total (g) 1.03

Monounsaturated fatty acids, total (g) 8.525

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, total (g) 3.331



To get low-carb right, you need to check blood sugars

Reducing your carbohydrate exposure, particularly to wheat, cornstarch, and sucrose (table sugar), helps with weight loss; reduction of triglycerides, small LDL, and c-reactive protein; increases HDL; reduces blood pressure. There should be no remaining doubt on these effects.

However, I am going to propose that you cannot truly get your low-carb diet right without checking blood sugars. Let me explain.

Carbohydrates are the dominant driver of blood sugar (glucose) after eating. But it's clear that we also obtain some wonderfully healthy nutrients from carbohydrate sources: Think anthocyanins from blueberries and pomegranates, vitamin C from citrus, and soluble fiber from beans. There are many good things in carbohydrate foods.

How do we weigh the need to reduce carbohydrates with their benefits?

Blood sugar after eating ("postprandial") is the best index of carbohydrate metabolism we have (not fasting blood sugar). It also provides an indirect gauge of small LDL. Checking your blood sugar (glucose) has become an easy and relatively inexpensive tool that just about anybody can incorporate into health habits. More often than not, it can also provide you with some unexpected insights about your response to diet.

If you’re not a diabetic, why bother checking blood sugar? New studies have documented the increased likelihood of cardiovascular events with increased postprandial blood sugars well below the ranges regarded as diabetic. A blood sugar level of 140 mg/dl after a meal carries 30-60% increased (relative) risk for heart attack and other events. The increase in risk begins at even lower levels, perhaps 110 mg/dl or lower after-eating.

We use a one-hour after eating blood sugar to gauge the effects of a meal. If, for instance, your dinner of baked chicken, asparagus brushed with olive oil, sauteed mushrooms, mashed potatoes, and a piece of Italian bread yields a one-hour blood sugar of 155 mg/dl, you know that something is wrong. (This is far more common than most people think.)

Doing this myself, I have been shocked at the times I've had an unexpectedly high blood sugar from seemingly "safe' foods, or when a store- or restaurant-bought meal had some concealed source of sugar or carbohydrate. (I recently had a restaurant meal of a turkey burger with cheese, mixed salad with balsamic vinegar dressing, along with a few bites of my wife's veggie omelet. Blood sugar one hour later: 127 mg/dl. I believe sugar added to the salad dressing was the culprit.)

You can now purchase your own blood glucose monitor at stores like Walmart and Walgreens for $10-20. You will also need to purchase the fingerstick lancets and test strips; the test strips are the most costly part of the picture, usually running $0.50 to $1.00 per test strip. But since people without diabetes check their blood sugar only occasionally, the cost of the test strips is, over time, modest. I've had several devices over the years, but my current favorite for ease-of-use is the LifeScan OneTouch UltraMini that cost me $18.99 at Walgreens.

Checking after-meal blood sugars is, in my view, a powerful means of managing diet when reducing carbohydrate exposure is your goal. It provides immediate feedback on the carbohydrate aspect of your diet, allowing you to adjust and tweak carbohydrate intake to your individual metabolism.

Food sources of vitamin K2: Reprint

For some reason, my December, 2007, Heart Scan Blog post, Food sources of vitamin K2, has been receiving a lot of traffic.

I therefore reprint the vitamin K2 post below.





Vitamin K2 is emerging as an exciting player in the control and possible regression of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Only about 10% of dietary vitamin K intake is in the K2 form, the other 90% being the more common K1.

The ideal source of K2 is natto, the unpalatable, gooey, slimy mass of fermented soybeans that Japanese eat and has been held responsible for substantial decreases in osteoporosis and bone fractures of aging. Natto has an ammonia-like bouquet, in addition to its phlegmy consistency that makes it virtually inedible to anyone but native Japanese.

I say that the conversation on vitamin K2 is emerging because of a number of uncertainties: What form of vitamin K2 is best (so-called MK-4 vs. MK7 vs. MK-9, all of which vary in structure and duration of action in human blood)? What dose is required for bone benefits vs. other benefits outside of bone health? Why would humans have developed a need for a nutrient that is created through fermentation with only small quantities in meats and other non-fermented foods?

Much of the developing research on vit K2 is coming from the laboratories of Drs. Vermeer, Geleijnse, and Schurgers at the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, along with several laboratories in Japan, the champions of K2.

MK-7 and MK-8,9,10 come from bacterial fermentation, whether in natto, cheese, or in your intestinal tract; MK-4 is naturally synthesized by animals from vitamin K1. While natto is the richest source of the MK-7 form, egg yolks and fermented cheeses are the richest sources of the MK-4 form.

Chicken contains about 8 mcg MK-4 per 3 1/2 oz serving; beef contains about 1 mcg. Egg yolks contain 31 mcg MK-4 per 3 1/2 oz serving (app. 6 raw yolks). Hard cheeses contain about 5 mcg MK-4 per 3 1/2 oz serving, about 70 mcg of MK-8,9; soft cheeses contain about 30% less. Natto contains about 1000 mcg of MK-7, 84 mcg MK-8, and no MK-4 per 3 1/2 oz serving.















Feta cheese

Thanks to the research efforts of the Dutch and Japanese groups, several phenomena surrounding vitamin K2 are clear, even well-established fact:

--Vitamin K2 supplementation (via frequent natto consumption or pharmaceutical doses of K2) substantially improves bone health. While K2 by itself exerts significant bone density/strength increasing properties in dozens of studies, when combined with other bone health-promoting agents (e.g., vitamin D3, prescription drugs like Fosamax and calcitonin), an exaggerated synergy of bone health-promoting effects develop.



--The MK-4 form of vitamin K2 is short-lived, lasting only 3-4 hours in the body. The MK-7 form, in contrast, the form in natto, lasts several days. MK-7 and MK-8-10 are extremely well absorbed, virtually complete.

--Bone health benefits have been shown for both the MK-7 and MK-4 forms.

--Coumadin (warfarin) blocks all forms of vitamin K.





Interestingly, farm-raised meats and eggs do not differ from factory farm-raised foods in K2 content. (But please do not regard this as an endorsement of factory farm foods.)

Another interesting fact: Since mammals synthesize a small quantity of Vit K2 forms from vitamin K1, then eating lots of green vegetables should provide substrate for some quantity of K2 conversion. However, work by Schurgers et al have shown that K1 absorption is poor, no more than 10%, but increases significantly when vegetables are eaten in the presence of oils. (Thus arguing that oils are meant to be part of the human diet. Does your olive oil or oil-based salad dressing represent fulfillment of some subconscious biologic imperative?)

If we believe the data of the Rotterdam Heart Study, then a threshold of 32.7 micrograms of K2 from cheese yields the reduction in cardiovascular events and aortic calcification.

It's all very, very interesting. My prediction is that abnormal (pathologic) calcium deposition will prove to be a basic process that parallels atherosclerotic plaque growth, and that manipulation of phenomena that impact on calcium depostion also impact on atherosclerotic plaque growth. Vitamins D3 and K2 provide potential potent means of at least partially normalizing these processes.

As the data matures, I am going to enjoy my gouda, Emmenthaler, Gruyere, and feta cheeses, along with a few egg yolks. I'm going to be certain to include healthy oils like olive and canola with my vegetables.


All images courtesy Wikipedia.

Copyright 2007 William Davis, MD

Family lessons

Lou was recovering from his 3rd bypass operation. This third go-round left him weaker, slower, less quick on the rebound. In fact, he was lucky to have survived.

At 71 years old, Lou went a good 15 years since his second bypass, another 10 years prior to his first bypass at age 46.

In the days immediately following Lou's bypass, I had a chance to talk to his son, who stayed at his Dad's bedside while Lou struggled through post-op recovery.

"Did your Dad tell you about why this has happened, what caused his heart disease?" I asked.

"Sort of. He just said I should get checked," Lou's son, Aaron, replied.

"Did he mention the lipoprotein(a) pattern he has?"

"No. He never mentioned anything like that. He just said to get checked."

That's how it gets played out more often than not: Mom or Dad has a heart attack, stents, or (3rd) bypass, the children are told to get checked. Getting "checked" assumes that the doctor knows what to check for.

In Lou's case, the reason why he was in the hospital getting his 3rd (and final) bypass was lipoprotein(a), along with genetically-determined small LDL particles, low HDL, a postprandial (after-eating) disorder, hypertension, and borderline diabetes, not to mention vitamin D deficiency, omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, and marginal thyroid function. (Lou, a retired city employee, had showed only marginal interest in correcting these patterns. While he accepted medications, he proved unwilling to engage in the diet and nutritional supplement strategies required to correct his patterns.)

So Lou's 3rd bypass operation provided a moment of reflection for Aaron to ask: "Could I share the fate of my Dad?" With Lou's combination of genetic patterns, there was at least a 75% likelihood that he did. Sadly, going to his doctor would likely yield little more than a cholesterol panel, a question about smoking, and a prescription for Lipitor.

Just getting "checked" would be, more than likely, a recipe for disaster for Aaron: heart disease in his 40s or 50s. That's why you need to take control over this sad state of affairs and ask--no, insist--that an effort be made to determine whether you might share your parents' fate.

Look like Jimmy Stewart


"This diet works great," Don declared. "But I think I've lost too much weight."

At 67 years old and 5 ft. 11 inches, Don began the program weighing 228 lbs (BMI 31.9). Because of high triglycerides, high blood sugar, high c-reactive protein, and excessive small LDL, I instructed Don to eliminate all wheat products from his diet, along with cornstarch and sweets. His intake of lean meats, eggs, vegetables, oils, raw nuts, etc. was unlimited.

Don now weighed 194 lbs, down 34 lbs over 6 months (BMI 27.1). Triglycerides, blood sugar, blood pressure, and well-being had improved dramatically; small LDL, however, had dropped only 30%--still room for improvement.

"My friends say I'm too skinny. They ask if I have cancer!"

I've heard this many times: Someone loses weight in a relatively short period of time and friends and family tell you you're too skinny. "It must be cancer. Nobody loses weight like that."

Unfortunately, many Americans have forgotten what normal looks like. Normal is certainly not a 190-lb, 5 ft 4 in woman, nor is it a 228 lb, 5 ft 11 inch man. But Americans have put on so much weight that the prevailing view of what constitutes "normal" weight has been revised upward. Normal is closer to what we see in old movies from the 1940s and '50s with people like Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reed. That's what we are supposed to look like.

So Don actually remains mildly overweight but is judged as "too skinny," or even cancer-ridden, by friends and family.

Ignore such comments. As you lose pounds and approach a truly desirable weight, realize that you are returning to the normal state, not the vision of "normal" now held by most Americans.

Getting vitamin D right

Vitamin D is, without a doubt, the most incredible "vitamin"/prohormone/neurosteroid I have ever encountered. Frankly, I don't know how we got anything accomplished in health pre-D.

Unfortunately, people I meet rarely take their vitamin D in a way that accomplishes full restoration of vitamin D blood levels. It really isn't that tough.

Here's a list of common tripping points with vitamin D:

"I take vitamin D: 1000 units a day."
This is probably the most common mistake I see: Taking a dose that is unlikely to yield a desirable blood level. (We use 60-70 ng/ml of 25-hydroxy vitamin D as our target.) Most men and women require 6000 units per day to achieve this level. There is substantial individual variation, however, with an occasional person needing much more, a rare person requiring as little as 1000 units.


"I bought some vitamin D on sale. They were white tablets."
Time and again, patients in my office who initially have had successful vitamin D replacement, despite being reminded that only oil-based forms should be taken, switch to tablets. While they initially showed a 25-hydroxy vitamin D blood level, for instance, of 67 ng/ml on 8000 units per day with an oil-based capsule, they switch to a tablet form and the next blood level is 25 ng/ml. In other words, tablets are very poorly or erratically absorbed.

I have had people use tablets successfully, however, by taking their vitamin D tablets with a teaspoon of oil, e.g., olive oil. Oil is necessary for full absorption.


"I'm going to Florida. I'll stop my vitamin D because I'm going to lay in the sun."
Wrong. 90% of adults over 40 years old have lost the majority of their ability to activate vitamin D in the skin. A typical response might be an increase in blood level from 25 to 35 ng/ml--a 10 ng increase with a dark brown tan.

There is an occasional person who, with sun exposure, increases blood levels substantially. This can occur in both fair-skinned and dark-skinned people, though I've never seen it happen in an African-American person. The occasional person who maintains the ability to convert vitamin D with sun exposure, or young people, should seasonally adjust their vitamin D dose, e.g., 6000 units winter, 3000 units summer, or some other regimen that maintains desirable blood levels. You can see that monitoring blood levels (we check levels every 6 months for the first 2 years) is crucial: You cannot know what your vitamin D needs are unless you assess 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.


"I drink plenty of milk. I don't think I need to take vitamin D."
Oh, boy. This is so wrong on so many levels.

First of all, no adult should be drinking plenty of cow's milk. (A discussion for another day.) Second of all, cow's milk averages 70 units of vitamin D, often the D2 form (ergocalciferol), per 8 oz. Even if the FDA-mandated 100 units per day were present, an average adult dose of 6000 units would require 60 glasses of milk per day. Can you say "diarrhea"?

Likewise, other food sources of vitamin D, such as fish (300-400 units per serving) and egg yolks (20 units per yolk), are inadequate. This makes sense: Humans are not meant to obtain vitamin D from food, but from sun exposure over a large body surface area. And this is a phenomenon that is meant to occur only in the youthful, ensuring that nature takes its course and us older folks get old and make way for the young (i.e., unless we intervene by taking vitamin D supplements).


"My doctor said that my vitamin D blood level was fine. It was 32 ng/ml."

Let's face it: By necessity, your overworked primary care physician, who manages gout, hip arthritis, migraine headaches, stomach aches, prostate enlargement, H1N1, depression, etc., is an amateur at nearly everything, expert in nothing. Nobody can do it all and get it right. Likewise vitamin D. The uncertain primary care physician will simply follow the dictates of the laboratory form that specifies "30-100 ng/ml" as the "normal" or "reference range." Unfortunately, the laboratory often quotes population distributions of a lab measure, not an ideal or desirable level.

To illustrate the folly of population distributions of a measure, imagine you and I want to know what women weigh. We go to a local mall and weigh several thousand women. We tally up the results and find that women weigh 172 lbs +/- 25 lbs (the mean +/- 2 standard deviations). (That's true, by the way.) Is that desirable? Of course it isn't. Population average or population distribution does not necessarily mean ideal or desirable.


"My husband's doctor said he should take 4000 units per day. So I just take the same dose."
That would be fine if all adults required the same dose. However, individual needs can vary enormously. A dose that is grossly insufficient for one person may be excessive for another. Once again, vitamin D dose needs can be individualized by assessing 25-hydroxy vitamin levels in the blood.


"I don't need to take vitamin D. I already take fish oil."
I suspect this mistaken belief occurs either because people confuse fish oil with cod liver oil, which does contain some vitamin D. (Cod liver oil is not the best source of vitamin D, mostly because of the vitamin A content; also a discussion for another time), or because they've heard that eating fish provides vitamin D. However, fish oil capsules do not contain vitamin D unless it is added, in which case it should be prominently and explicitly stated on the label.


"I don't have to take vitamin D. It's summer."

For most people I know, if it's a bright, sunny July day, where are they likely to be? In an office, store, or home--NOT lying in the sun with a large body surface area exposed. Also, most people expose no more than 5-10% of surface area in public. I doubt you cut the grass in a bathing suit. Because of modern indoor lifestyles and fashion, the majority of adults need vitamin D supplementation year-round.


I advise everyone that gelcap vitamin D is preferable. Some, though not all, liquid drop forms have also worked. Take a dose that yields desirable blood levels. And blood levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are ideally checked every 6 months: in summer and in winter to provide feedback on how much sun activation of D you obtain.

If your doctor is unwilling or unable to perform vitamin D testing, fingerstick vitamin D test kits can be obtained from Track Your Plaque.

Jimmy Moore's thyroid adventure

My friend, Jimmy Moore of Living La Vida Low Carb, describes his thyroid experience here.

As Jimmy points out, he was looking for a way to jump-start a 50-lb weight loss. In my experience, low thyroid hormone levels ("hypothyroidism") are an exceptionally common cause for weight gain. Correcting even marginal hypothyroidism can facilitate weight loss, often resulting in 10 or more pounds of weight loss within the first month.

Unfortunately, Jimmy's thyroid hormone panel proved normal: TSH 1.3, thyroid hormones free T3 and free T4 in the mid- to upper-half of the reference range.

I say "unfortunately" because it is really an easy, inexpensive, and benign solution for losing weight. (I don't, of course, wish that Jimmy or anyone else develops a thyroid condition. But it really can provide gratifying weight loss results when thyroid function is low.) Jimmy might consider taking his oral temperature first thing in the morning as another means of assessing the adequacy of thyroid function.

Perhaps you will be luckier than Jimmy and have thyroid dysfunction that can be corrected and jump-start your weight loss program. Fingerstick thyroid test kits like the one Jimmy used are available here from Track Your Plaque.